Conclusões preliminares dos meus estudos mais recentes:

Cuidado, podes ser anarquista se:

• usas GNU/Linux e outro software Open Source and Free;
  
• pensas com a tua cabeça;
  
• te preocupas com o teu bem-estar e o dos outros;
  
• te preocupas com o bem-estar da tua comunidade e te dedicas a ela;
  
• és contra a violência venha ela donde vier: pessoas, governos, instituições;
  
• és a favor da auto-determinação e liberdade de decisão dos outros;
  
• és a favor da cooperação para a construção dum mundo melhor para todos;
  
• só aceitas a violência para resistir à violência dos outros;
  
• te sentes livre e queres que os outros também se sintam assim;
  
• és a favor duma vida mais humana e sustentável;
  
• defendes que todos os seres humanos têm o direito a serem felizes e a ter as suas necessidades básicas garantidas;
  
• acreditas que todos os seres humanos têm o direito a terem as suas possessões, desde que elas não sejam adquiridas através da exploração de outros;
  
• acreditas que a comunidade tem de garantir o bem-estar individual de cada um dos seus membros;
  
• acreditas que todos temos a obrigação de melhorar, enquanto seres humanos, e de contribuir para que todos na comunidade melhorem também;
  
• as decisões pessoais e da comunidade sejam tomadas com base em árduo estudo, investigação e análise dos resultados e não em simples emoções ou "achismo"...

(A ordem desta lista é completamente anárquica!)

Tem mesmo muito cuidado!!! Podes ser um/a anarquista sem saber!!!

https://openlibrary.org/works/OL45972W/An_Enquiry_Concerning_Political_Justice

https://librivox.org/enquiry-concerning-political-justice-and-its-influence-on-morals-and-happiness-volume1-by-william-godwin/

https://librivox.org/enquiry-concerning-political-justice-and-its-influence-on-morals-and-happiness-volume-2-by-william-godwin/

#anarquismo #anarquista #Linux #floss #OpenSource #anarchism #anarchist #política #politics #humanidade #humanity

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#Linux #Windows #ux

00:00 Intro
00:35 Sponsor: Monitor and secure your internet connection with Safing
01:35 The Start Menu
05:34 How the start menu affects Linux desktops
06:42 Disjointed User Interface
08:55 Program installs and storage
12:22 System Updates
14:17 Windows design matters to Linux
15:53 Sponsor: get a PC that supports Linux perfectly
16:46 Support the channel

This is going to be controversial, but the Windows menu, or really the whole start menu paradigm is bad. This menu is used to start and open things. It's not a multitasking experience. So having a menu that occupies a small corner of your screen is not great.

The reality of things is that people are now just used to it. In Windows 11, the centered menu is a disaster, and once it's open, it's just a bad launcher. Apps are sorted chronologically, so if you don't know the name of a program, you're out of luck, and you can't create any folder that you could build muscle memory upon. And there's the case of opening multiple apps in a row.
With the windows menu, you need to open it as many times as the number of apps you want to launch. Not efficient.

The issue is, this bad menu design affects Linux desktops. Because many distributions or desktops don't want users to run away, they mostly moved to a windows like menu.

We all know about the mismatched UI of Windows.The real problem is that people are now completely used to it. And for Linux, it means that UX, or just UI is not often considered.

Next, let's look at how apps are installed on the system.
On Windows, while the store is progressively getting better, the main way to install a program is still to head over to its website, download an executable, and run it, then click next a few times, pick a location, and let the program install itself.

The files are stored in a single folder usually, with all the libraries the program needs, and the program itself in its own directory structure, that varies from program to program.

And this is a bad design. First, for security reasons. Storing executables and libraries and data in a single folder is a surefire way to have badly set permissions on these files.

Second, it makes finding the files you're looking for difficult. You need to learn each program's directory structure, and look online to find where the data is stored.

And this bad design on Windows also influences Linux desktops negatively. Because to this day, I still get people telling me it's easier to install a program on Windows than on Linux. Seriously.

The reality is that a lot of people don't understand how to install programs on Linux. They're so used to downloading them manually that they try to replicate this, and get super confused.

And a lot of newcomers to Linux just don't understand where the files a program uses live, because they're used to having them lumped into a single directory. The better way to look at it is: what type of file am I looking to access? And then this tells you the folder where it's been stored.

It's no secret that system updates are dreaded by a lot of Windows users. Windows updates have always been problematic, super slow to install, they require a reboot in most cases, and they can make your system worse than it was, so it's no wonder that many users are wary of these.

App updates are also handled separately from system updates. And people that moved from Windows to Linux will keep this fear of updates, because it's been drilled into them again and again that updates or even worse, major version upgrades, aren't a good thing. But they ARE.

And that negatively affects Linux desktops, because you'll get plenty of people who don't apply their updates and then ask for help about a bug that's been fixed already, or who stick to insecure software that has patches available. It makes the work of maintainers and developers harder.

from wikipedia

source

The computer file hosts is an operating system file that maps hostnames to IP addresses. It is a plain text file. Originally a file named HOSTS.TXT was manually maintained and made available via file sharing by Stanford Research Institute for the ARPANET membership, containing the hostnames and address of hosts as contributed for inclusion by member organizations. The Domain Name System, first described in 1983 and implemented in 1984,1 automated the publication process and provided instantaneous and dynamic hostname resolution in the rapidly growing network. In modern operating systems, the hosts file remains an alternative name resolution mechanism, configurable often as part of facilities such as the Name Service Switch as either the primary method or as a fallback method.

purpose

The hosts file is one of several system facilities that assists in addressing network nodes in a computer network. It is a common part of an operating system's Internet Protocol (IP) implementation, and serves the function of translating human-friendly hostnames into numeric protocol addresses, called IP addresses, that identify and locate a host in an IP network.

What is a hosts file?

source

A hosts file, named hosts (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.

In most operating systems, the hosts file is preferential to DNS.
Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the hosts file, the request never
leaves your computer.

Having a smart hosts file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
and other irritants.

For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
lines to your hosts file will do it:

# block doubleClick's servers
0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
# etc...

Translation

Using a customized and curated /etc/hosts file you override your ISPs name resolving system. This will help you to minimize and even avoid your computer to connect on the background to malicious sites and/or directly blocking access to them.

What's malicious? Any website you put in this file. From fakenews sites, porn, gambling, ... or google, facebook et al. main tracking services. You can set different host for your personal use, your kids mobile devices, work stations, etc.

Setting up your system

As stated, hosts file is used on every computer system from PC to mobile devices. Anything that has internet access needs to resolve names. Here you can know where is this file located on your system and if it's editable (root access).

One of the advantages for having customized hosts file is you can update it at regular intervals to add/delete new domains at your will and needs.

The basic procedure is to open your /etc/hosts file on a text editor and copy/paste the raw file version provided by StevenBlack GitHub repo.

Days or weeks later you may want to update this file to the latest version.

my config

I've set up a .bashrc alias I run every two months.

Open .bashrc and paste your version of this code:

alias hosts='sudo wget -O /etc/hosts https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts && cat ~/Documents/hosts_custom >> /etc/hosts'

• alias hosts: is just a name, choose any you want
• sudo: you need root access to write _/etc/hosts
• wget -O: use wget to download and write
• /etc/hosts: where hosts are stored on your system
• https url: raw url from github, choose regular version or specific variant.

from && is optional:

• cat local_file: route to a local file where you put your personal blocked domains (ex. www.facebook.com)

If you need/want execution at regular time intervals you can set a cron job, I run this alias at will every other week.

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